Ultrasound

Sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing, typically above 20,000 hertz. In medical imaging, ultrasound is used to visualize internal body structures.

 

Transducer:

A device that converts electrical energy into ultrasound waves and vice versa. In medical ultrasound, transducers emit ultrasound waves and receive the echoes to create images.

 

Sonography:

The use of ultrasound waves for medical imaging. Professionals who perform ultrasound examinations are called sonographers.

 

Doppler Effect:

A change in frequency or wavelength of a wave in relation to an observer moving relative to the source. In ultrasound, the Doppler effect is used to assess blood flow and detect abnormalities.

 

B-mode Imaging:

Brightness mode imaging, commonly known as 2D ultrasound. It produces a two-dimensional image representing the internal structures of the body.

 

M-mode Imaging:

Motion mode imaging. It displays a single scan line over time, useful for assessing motion in specific structures, such as heart valves.

 

Frequency:

The number of oscillations of a wave per unit of time. In ultrasound, frequency is crucial for determining image resolution.

 

Gel:

A conductive medium applied to the skin before placing the transducer. It enhances the transmission of ultrasound waves and prevents air pockets.

 

Attenuation:

The reduction of the intensity of ultrasound waves as they travel through tissues. It is essential for understanding image quality and penetration depth.

 

Artifact:

An unintended and often misleading image on the ultrasound display, not representing the actual anatomy. Artifacts can result from various sources, such as shadowing or reverberation.

 

HIFU (High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound):

A therapeutic technique that uses focused ultrasound waves to target specific tissues, often used for non-invasive treatments like tumor ablation.

Contrast Agents:

Substances introduced into the body to enhance the visibility of certain structures during ultrasound imaging. Microbubbles are commonly used as contrast agents.