The branch of science that deals with the study of living organisms and their interactions with one another and their environments. It encompasses disciplines such as biology, genetics, biochemistry, and biotechnology.
The study of an organism’s entire genome, including genes and their functions. Genomics plays a crucial role in understanding diseases, identifying genetic predispositions, and developing personalized medicine.
The application of biological systems and organisms to develop products and technologies to improve healthcare, agriculture, and industry. Examples include gene therapy, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and biopharmaceuticals.
The study of how an individual’s genetic makeup influences their response to drugs. Pharmacogenomics aims to personalize drug therapies by predicting how patients will respond to medications based on their genetic profiles.
The interdisciplinary field that combines biology, computer science, and information technology to analyze and interpret biological data, such as DNA sequences, protein structures, and gene expression patterns.
Rigorous studies conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of new medical treatments, drugs, or interventions in humans. Clinical trials are essential for advancing medical knowledge and improving patient care.
A branch of medicine focused on repairing, replacing, or regenerating damaged or diseased tissues and organs to restore normal function. This field holds promise for treating conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and spinal cord injuries.
An approach to healthcare that considers individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle to tailor medical treatments and interventions to the specific needs of each patient. Precision medicine aims to improve treatment outcomes and minimize adverse effects.
A type of cancer treatment that harnesses the body’s immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. Immunotherapies include monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and cancer vaccines.
The community of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, that inhabit the human body. The microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining health and has implications for conditions such as obesity, autoimmune diseases, and mental health disorders.