Geriatrics is the medical specialty focused on the health care of elderly people. It aims to promote health and prevent and treat diseases and disabilities in older adults.
The simultaneous use of multiple medications by a patient, especially when it involves excessive, unnecessary, or inappropriate drug use. Polypharmacy is a significant concern in geriatric medicine due to the increased risk of adverse drug reactions and drug interactions in older adults.
Frailty is a state of increased vulnerability to stressors due to age-associated declines in physiological reserves and function across multiple organ systems. It is characterized by decreased strength, endurance, and physiological function, making older adults more susceptible to adverse health outcomes.
Delirium is an acute and fluctuating disturbance in attention, awareness, and cognition that often occurs in older adults, particularly those with underlying medical conditions. It is typically reversible but requires prompt identification and management to prevent complications.
A comprehensive evaluation of an older adult’s medical, functional, psychological, and social domains to identify health problems, functional limitations, and care needs. Geriatric assessments help tailor interventions and optimize care plans for older adults.
Advance care planning involves discussing and documenting an individual’s preferences for medical treatment and end-of-life care, ensuring that their wishes are respected if they become unable to make decisions for themselves. It is essential in geriatric medicine to promote patient-centered care and honor patient autonomy.
Sarcopenia refers to the age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and function. It is a significant contributor to frailty, functional decline, and disability in older adults. Exercise, nutrition, and other interventions are key components in managing sarcopenia.
Geriatric syndromes are multifactorial health conditions common in older adults that do not fit into traditional disease categories but significantly impact health and quality of life. Examples include falls, urinary incontinence, and pressure ulcers.
Caregiver burnout is a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion experienced by individuals providing care to older adults. It often results from the stress and demands of caregiving responsibilities and can have detrimental effects on both the caregiver’s health and the quality of care provided.
Elder abuse refers to any intentional or negligent act by a caregiver or trusted individual that causes harm or risk of harm to an older adult. It can take various forms, including physical, emotional, financial, or sexual abuse, and neglect. Protecting older adults from abuse is a critical aspect of geriatric medicine and public health efforts.