An outbreak of a disease that spreads rapidly and affects a large number of people within a community, population, or region.
A microorganism, such as a virus or a bacterium, that can cause disease in a host organism.
The process by which a pathogen spreads from one host to another, often through direct contact, airborne particles, or contaminated surfaces.
The time interval between exposure to a pathogen and the onset of symptoms of the disease it causes.
An organism, typically an insect or animal, that transmits a pathogen from one host to another, facilitating the spread of disease.
The isolation of individuals who have been exposed to a contagious disease, to prevent further spread of the illness.
The resistance to the spread of a contagious disease within a population, achieved when a significant proportion of individuals are immune to the disease, either through vaccination or previous infection.
The process of identifying and monitoring individuals who may have been exposed to a contagious disease, to prevent further transmission.
An epidemic that has spread over multiple countries or continents, affecting a significant portion of the global population.
A situation in which the health of a population is at risk due to the emergence or spread of a disease, requiring coordinated efforts to control and mitigate its impact on society.