A disease that can spread from person to person, animal to person, or environment to person through various routes such as direct contact, airborne particles, or contaminated objects.
Microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites that cause disease by invading the body and reproducing within it.
The occurrence of a disease at a higher than normal rate in a specific community or region.
An epidemic that spreads across multiple countries or continents, affecting a large number of people.
An organism, typically an insect or other arthropod, that transmits infectious pathogens from one host to another.
The specific microorganism or pathogen responsible for causing a communicable disease.
The time between exposure to a pathogen and the onset of symptoms of the disease.
The process by which a communicable disease spreads from one person to another or from an animal or environment to a person.
The body’s ability to resist infection by a specific pathogen due to the presence of antibodies or memory cells generated by previous exposure to the pathogen.
The administration of a vaccine to stimulate the immune system to develop resistance to a specific infectious disease, thereby preventing or reducing the severity of the disease upon future exposure to the pathogen.
The isolation of individuals who have been exposed to a communicable disease but are not yet symptomatic, to prevent the potential spread of the disease to others.
The separation of individuals who are infected with a communicable disease from those who are healthy, to prevent the spread of the disease to uninfected individuals.
The constant presence of a disease within a specific geographic area or population group.
The natural habitat or source of a pathogen where it normally lives and multiplies, serving as a potential source of infection for humans or other susceptible hosts.
The process of identifying and monitoring individuals who may have come into contact with an infected person to prevent further transmission of the disease.
A communicable disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans.
Practices that promote cleanliness and prevent the spread of disease, including handwashing, proper sanitation, and food safety measures.
Policies and interventions implemented by health authorities to control and prevent the spread of communicable diseases within communities, such as vaccination campaigns, health education, and surveillance programs.
Equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards that cause serious workplace injuries and illnesses, including communicable diseases. Examples include gloves, masks, goggles, and gowns.
A change in the genetic material of a pathogen, potentially leading to alterations in its characteristics, such as increased transmissibility or resistance to treatments.