COPD is a progressive lung disease characterized by obstructed airflow, making it difficult to breathe. It includes conditions such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Emphysema is a type of COPD where the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) are damaged, leading to difficulty exhaling air and trapping air in the lungs.
Chronic bronchitis is a type of COPD characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the bronchial tubes, leading to excessive mucus production and persistent cough.
Airflow obstruction refers to the limitation or blockage of airflow in the air passages, which is a hallmark feature of COPD.
Spirometry is a pulmonary function test used to measure the amount of air a person can inhale or exhale and how quickly they can do so, aiding in the diagnosis and monitoring of COPD.
Bronchodilators are medications that relax the muscles around the airways, helping to widen them and improve airflow, often used as a primary treatment for COPD.
Inhalers are devices used to deliver medication directly into the lungs, providing quick relief or long-term control of COPD symptoms.
An exacerbation refers to a sudden worsening of COPD symptoms, often triggered by infections, air pollution, or other irritants, requiring prompt medical attention.
Oxygen therapy involves the use of supplemental oxygen to improve oxygen levels in the blood and alleviate symptoms of hypoxemia (low blood oxygen levels) in individuals with advanced COPD.
Smoking cessation is the process of quitting smoking, which is the most significant risk factor for developing COPD and quitting can slow down the progression of the disease.
Palliative care focuses on providing relief from the symptoms and stress of COPD, improving quality of life for patients and their families, especially in advanced stages of the disease.
LVRS is a surgical procedure aimed at removing damaged lung tissue to improve lung function and alleviate symptoms in selected patients with severe emphysema.
Pulmonary rehabilitation is a program of exercise, education, and support to help individuals with COPD better manage their symptoms, improve their quality of life, and reduce hospitalizations.
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is a genetic condition that increases the risk of developing COPD, particularly in non-smokers, by predisposing the lungs to damage from inflammation.
In severe cases of COPD exacerbation, a ventilator may be required to assist with breathing by delivering oxygen to the lungs and removing carbon dioxide from the body.
Vaccination against pneumonia is recommended for individuals with COPD to reduce the risk of developing pneumonia, which can further exacerbate respiratory symptoms and lead to complications.
Lung transplantation may be considered for individuals with end-stage COPD who have exhausted all other treatment options and meet specific criteria for eligibility.
A COPD action plan is a personalized document that outlines steps to be taken in case of worsening symptoms or exacerbations, empowering patients to manage their condition more effectively.
Quality of life refers to the overall well-being and satisfaction experienced by individuals living with COPD, which can be impacted by symptoms, functional limitations, and emotional factors.