Nuclear Medicine

A medical specialty that uses small amounts of radioactive materials (radiopharmaceuticals) to diagnose and treat various diseases by imaging the body’s structure and function at the molecular level.

 

Radiopharmaceutical:

A compound containing a radioactive isotope that is administered to a patient, enabling the imaging of specific organs or tissues in nuclear medicine procedures.

 

Gamma Camera:

A specialized imaging device used in nuclear medicine to detect gamma rays emitted by the radiopharmaceuticals, creating detailed images of internal structures.

 

Positron Emission Tomography (PET):

An advanced nuclear medicine imaging technique that detects positrons emitted by a radiopharmaceutical, producing three-dimensional images of metabolic and physiological processes in the body.

 

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT):

A nuclear medicine imaging technique that uses a gamma camera to detect single photons emitted by radiopharmaceuticals, providing three-dimensional images of organ function.

 

Radioisotope:

An unstable form of an element that emits radiation, commonly used in nuclear medicine for imaging and therapeutic purposes.

 

Half-Life:

The time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a substance to undergo decay, influencing the duration of the radiopharmaceutical’s activity in the body.

 

Scintigraphy:

A diagnostic technique in nuclear medicine that uses gamma cameras to create images based on the detection of gamma rays emitted by a radiopharmaceutical.

 

Thyroid Uptake Scan:

A nuclear medicine procedure that measures the amount of radioactive iodine absorbed by the thyroid gland, providing information about thyroid function and potential abnormalities.

 

Bone Scan:

A nuclear medicine imaging procedure used to evaluate bone conditions, detect fractures, tumors, infections, or other abnormalities by assessing the uptake of a radiopharmaceutical in bones.

 

Myocardial Perfusion Imaging:

A nuclear medicine test that assesses blood flow to the heart muscle, helping to diagnose coronary artery disease and evaluate the heart’s function.