IPC refers to the measures taken to prevent and control the spread of infections within healthcare settings. It encompasses practices and protocols designed to minimize the risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) among patients, healthcare workers, and visitors.
Antimicrobial resistance occurs when microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, evolve to resist the effects of antimicrobial agents, making infections caused by these organisms difficult to treat.
Hand hygiene refers to the practice of cleaning hands to prevent the transmission of pathogens. It involves washing hands with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand sanitizers.
Personal protective equipment includes garments and equipment worn by healthcare workers to protect themselves and patients from exposure to infectious agents. Examples include gloves, masks, goggles, gowns, and face shields.
Standard precautions are fundamental infection prevention practices that apply to all patients, regardless of their suspected or confirmed infection status. They include hand hygiene, the use of PPE, safe injection practices, and proper handling of potentially contaminated equipment.
Transmission-based precautions are additional infection control measures used for patients with known or suspected infections that require additional precautions beyond standard precautions. These precautions are based on the mode of transmission of the infectious agent and may include contact, droplet, or airborne precautions.
Environmental cleaning and disinfection involve the removal of contaminants from surfaces and the application of disinfectants to kill or inactivate microorganisms. It is essential for preventing the transmission of pathogens in healthcare settings.
Surveillance involves the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data related to healthcare-associated infections and other infectious diseases. Outbreak management refers to the coordinated response to outbreaks of infectious diseases within healthcare facilities.
Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette are measures taken to prevent the spread of respiratory infections, such as influenza and COVID-19. They include covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, using tissues or elbows, and disposing of tissues properly.
Occupational health and safety in healthcare settings focus on protecting the health and safety of healthcare workers. This includes measures to prevent occupational exposure to infectious agents, ergonomic considerations, and protocols for handling hazardous materials.