A multidisciplinary process that summarizes information about the medical, social, economic, and ethical issues related to the use of a health technology in a systematic, transparent, unbiased, and robust manner. HTA aims to inform healthcare decision-making by providing evidence-based evaluations of the clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and broader impacts of health technologies.
The extent to which a health technology achieves the desired health outcomes in clinical practice, often measured by improvements in patient health, morbidity, mortality, and quality of life.
An economic evaluation method that compares the costs and health outcomes of different health technologies to determine the most efficient allocation of resources. CEA calculates the cost per unit of health outcome gained, such as cost per life year saved or cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained.
A measure of disease burden that combines both the quantity and quality of life lived. QALYs are often used in health economics to assess the value of healthcare interventions by considering both the length of life and the quality of life experienced.
An economic evaluation method that estimates the financial consequences of adopting a new health technology within a specific healthcare budget or payer perspective. BIA assesses the affordability and sustainability of incorporating a technology into healthcare practice.
A quantitative method used in HTA to simulate the potential outcomes and costs associated with different healthcare interventions over time. Decision-analytic models integrate available evidence to project long-term clinical and economic consequences, helping decision-makers evaluate the impact of alternative strategies.
The process of systematically collecting, appraising, and integrating relevant evidence from multiple sources to generate robust conclusions about the effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of health technologies. Evidence synthesis techniques include meta-analysis, systematic reviews, and network meta-analysis.
A summary measure used in cost-effectiveness analysis to compare the additional costs and benefits of one health technology compared to another. ICER represents the ratio of the difference in costs to the difference in health outcomes between two interventions.
Involving relevant stakeholders, including patients, clinicians, policymakers, industry representatives, and the public, in the HTA process to ensure that diverse perspectives and values are considered. Stakeholder engagement promotes transparency, accountability, and relevance in decision-making.
The process by which HTA findings inform healthcare policies, reimbursement decisions, coverage determinations, and resource allocation strategies at the organizational, regional, or national level. Health policy and reimbursement mechanisms shape the access, utilization, and financing of health technologies within healthcare systems.