The branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of hormones, their functions, and the diseases and disorders associated with them.
Chemical messengers secreted by glands in the body that regulate various physiological functions, including metabolism, growth, development, and reproduction.
Glands in the body that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, including the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, and gonads.
A group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period, resulting from insufficient insulin production, insulin resistance, or both.
Conditions affecting the thyroid gland, such as hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), which can lead to various symptoms including fatigue, weight changes, and mood disturbances.
Often referred to as the “master gland,” it secretes hormones that regulate the function of other endocrine glands and control growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
A condition where the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol and aldosterone, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, weight loss, and low blood pressure.
Chemical substances that interfere with the body’s endocrine system, potentially leading to adverse effects on development, reproduction, and metabolism.
Conditions characterized by abnormal levels of growth hormone, leading to either excessive growth (gigantism or acromegaly) or insufficient growth (dwarfism).
A specialized field of surgery focused on the treatment of endocrine disorders through surgical interventions, such as thyroidectomy, adrenalectomy, and pancreatic surgery.